In cryptography, encryption is the process of encoding information. This process converts the original representation of the information, known as plaintext, into an alternative form known as ciphertext. Ideally, only authorized parties can decipher a ciphertext back to plaintext and access the original information. Encryption does not itself prevent interference but denies the intelligible content to a would-be interceptor.
For technical reasons, an encryption scheme usually uses a pseudo-random encryption key generated by an algorithm. Decrypting the message without possessing the key is possible, but considerable computational resources and skills are required for a well-designed encryption scheme. An authorized recipient can easily decrypt the message with the key provided by the originator to recipients but not to unauthorized users.
Historically, various forms of encryption have been used to aid in cryptography. Early encryption techniques were often used in military messaging. Since then, new methods have emerged and become commonplace in all areas of modern computing. Modern encryption schemes use the concepts of a public key and a symmetric key. Modern encryption techniques ensure security because modern computers are inefficient at cracking.
