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What Is Decentralized Finance (DeFi)? (Updated 5DEC2023)Decentralized finance (DeFi) is an emerging financial technology based on secure distributed ledgers similar to those used by cryptocurrencies. In the U.S., the Federal Reserve and Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) define the rules for centralized financial institutions like banks and brokerages, which consumers rely on to access capital and financial… Read more: What Is Decentralized Finance (DeFi) and How Does It Work?

What Are Barriers to Entry? Barriers to entry is an economics and business term describing factors that can prevent or impede newcomers into a market or industry sector limiting competition. These can include high start-up costs, regulatory hurdles, or other obstacles that prevent new competitors from easily entering a business sector. Barriers to entry benefit existing… Read more: Barriers to Entry: Understanding What Limits Competition

What Is Infrastructure? Infrastructure is defined as the basic physical systems of a business, region, or nation and often involves the production of public goods or production processes. Examples of infrastructure include transportation systems, communication networks, sewage, water, and school systems. Investments in infrastructure tend to be costly and capital-intensive but vital to a region’s economic development… Read more: Infrastructure: Definition, Meaning, and Examples

What Was the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP)? The Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) was created and run by the U.S. Treasury to stabilize the country’s financial system, restore economic growth, and mitigate foreclosures after the 2008 financial crisis. TARP sought to achieve these targets by purchasing troubled companies’ assets and stock. KEY TAKEAWAYS How the Troubled Asset Relief Program… Read more: Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), What It Was, How It Worked

Over-the-counter stocks are not traded on a public exchange like the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or Nasdaq. Instead, these stocks are traded through a broker-dealer network. In addition to stocks, the over-the-counter (OTC) market can include other types of securities. The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority regulates broker-dealers that engage in OTC trading. What is… Read more: What Are Over-the-Counter (OTC) Stocks?

Removing Russian banks from the SWIFT system is accelerating a global economic realignment. With the rapid escalation of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, a large coalition of states, including the EU, U.S., Canada, and the UK, among others, agreed on February 26th, 2022, to ban select Russian banks from the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications… Read more: What Does Russia’s Removal From SWIFT Mean For the Future of Global Commerce?

High-risk stocks are equity investments where investors can experience significant losses, if not all, their money. Generally, high-risk stocks tend to be from cyclical, volatile industries or be newer, untested companies. In contrast, lower-risk companies are more established businesses with steady earnings and often distribute a shareholder dividend. Investing almost always involves risk. The question… Read more: Guide to High-Risk Stocks

What Is Margin? The margin is the collateral that an investor has to deposit with their broker or exchange to cover the credit risk the holder poses for the broker or the exchange. An investor can create credit risk if they borrow cash from the broker to buy financial instruments, borrow financial instruments to sell them short or enter into a derivative contract. Buying on margin occurs… Read more: Margin Trading Explained Plus Advantages & Disadvantages

What Is a Commercial Bank? The term “commercial bank” refers to a financial institution that accepts deposits, offers checking account services, makes various loans and offers essential financial products like certificates of deposit (CDs) and savings accounts to individuals and small businesses. A commercial bank is where most people do their banking. Commercial banks make money by providing and earning interest from loans such as mortgages, auto, business,… Read more: What is a Commercial Bank, How Do They Work, and Why Do They Matter?

What Is Amortization? Amortization is an accounting technique used to periodically lower the book value of a loan or an intangible asset over a set period of time. Concerning a loan, amortization focuses on spreading out loan payments over time. When applied to an asset, amortization is similar to depreciation. Understanding Amortization The term “amortization” refers to two situations. First,… Read more: What Is an Amortization Schedule? How to Calculate with Formula

What Is a Credit Score? A credit score is a three-digit number that rates your creditworthiness. FICO scores range from 300 to 850. The higher the score, the more likely you will get approved for loans and better rates.1 A credit score is based on your credit history, which includes information like the number of accounts,… Read more: Credit Score? Definition, Factors, and Ways to Raise It

With FDIC insurance, the federal government protects your money held in a bank if your bank fails. But there are coverage limits. Key takeaways about FDIC insurance Banks are safe and stable places to store your money. Still, recent history has reminded us that these institutions can fail, meaning they can no longer meet their… Read more: What Is FDIC Insurance and What Are the Coverage Limits?

What Is Collateral? Collateral in the financial world is a valuable asset that a borrower pledges as security for a loan. For example, when a homebuyer obtains a mortgage, the home serves as the collateral for the loan. For a car loan, the vehicle is the collateral. A business that obtains financing from a bank… Read more: Collateral Definition, Its Types, & Examples

What Is an Adjustable-Rate Mortgage (ARM)? The term adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) refers to a home loan with a variable interest rate. With an ARM, the initial interest rate is fixed for a period of time. After that, the interest rate applied on the outstanding balance resets periodically, at yearly or even monthly intervals. ARMs are also… Read more: Adjustable-Rate Mortgage (ARM): What It Is and Different Types

What Is a Mortgage? A mortgage is a type of loan used to purchase or maintain a home, land, or other types of real estate. The borrower agrees to pay the lender over time, typically in a series of regular payments that are divided into principal and interest. The property then serves as collateral to secure the loan. A borrower must apply… Read more: What Is a Mortgage? Types, How They Work, and Examples

The financial crisis of 2007–2008 was years in the making. By the summer of 2007, financial markets worldwide showed signs that the reckoning was overdue for a years-long binge on cheap credit. Two Bear Stearns hedge funds had collapsed, BNP Paribas was warning investors that they might not be able to withdraw money from three of its… Read more: The 2007–2008 Financial Crisis in Review

What Are Reserve Requirements? Reserve requirements are the amount of cash that financial institutions must have, in their vaults or at the closest Federal Reserve bank, in line with deposits made by their customers. Set by the Fed’s Board of Governors, reserve requirements are one of the three main tools of monetary policy—the other two are open market operations and the discount rate. Banks, credit… Read more: Reserve Requirements: A Definition, History, and Example

When assets plummet 20% from recent highs, Bear markets are among the scariest market events you’ll encounter. But long-term investors can stay the course. The words “bear market” strike fear into the hearts of many investors. But these deep market downturns are unavoidable and often relatively short, especially compared with the duration of bull markets… Read more: What Is a Bear Market? Definition and How to Invest During One

What Is a Shareholder? A shareholder is a person, company, or institution that owns at least one share of a company’s stock or in a mutual fund. Shareholders essentially own the company, which comes with certain rights and responsibilities. This type of ownership allows them to reap the benefits of a business’s success. These rewards come as increased stock… Read more: Shareholder (Stockholder): Definition, Rights, and Types

What Is the Law of Supply and Demand? The law of supply and demand combines two fundamental economic principles describing how changes in the price of a resource, commodity, or product affect its supply and demand. As the price increases, supply rises while demand declines. Conversely, as the price drops, supply constricts while demand grows.… Read more: Law of Supply and Demand in Economics: How It Works

A certificate of deposit (or CD) is considered a type of savings account, but a CD holds your money for a fixed time period in exchange for a higher rate of interest than a standard savings account. While a savings account allows you to access your cash at any time, you typically purchase a CD… Read more: What Is a Certificate of Deposit?

The Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, is a public authority of the United States Federal Government. The IRS is responsible for all tax collection and controls the implementation of tax legislation. The service was formed in 1862 and is headquartered in Washington, D.C. There is currently an essential issue concerning the IRS regarding cryptocurrency taxation.… Read more: IRS News – February 10th – 2023

The Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, is an independent agency within the United States government tasked with regulating the securities markets in a way that protects the public from fraud, maintains fair and efficient markets, and facilitates healthy capital formation in the U.S. and its jurisdictions.  The emergence of cryptocurrencies with the advent of… Read more: SEC News

What Is Annual Percentage Rate (APR)? Annual percentage rate (APR) refers to the yearly interest generated by a sum that’s charged to borrowers or paid to investors. APR is expressed as a percentage representing the actual yearly cost of funds over the term of a loan or income earned on an investment. This includes any fees or… Read more: Annual Percentage Rate (APR): What It Means and How It Works

If you are new to cryptocurrency, you should have heard about altcoin. So, what is an altcoin? Does it have anything to do with Bitcoin? Let’s explore. An Altcoin is a technical term used to differentiate other coins from Bitcoin. Put, any cryptocurrency different from Bitcoin is termed “Altcoin.” Simple, right? The word “Altcoin” can… Read more: Beginner’s Guide: What Is An Altcoin?

What Are Unrealized Gains and Losses? Unrealized gains and losses are the changes in the value of an investment, such as stocks or bonds, that have occurred since an investor bought the asset but have yet to be realized by selling the investment. They reflect the difference between the investment’s current market value and its… Read more: Unrealized Gains & Losses, Explained

Penny stocks are shares of small companies that trade for less than $5 per share. They are highly speculative investments, meaning they carry a high risk. Usually, traders looking for short-term gains use penny stocks rather than long-term investors looking to build wealth. However, penny stocks often lure investors because they are relatively cheap and… Read more: What Are Penny Stocks & How Do They Work?

An IPO, or initial public offering, refers to privately-owned companies selling the business’s shares to the general public for the first time. “Going public” has benefits: it can boost a company’s profile, bring prestige to the management team, and raise cash to expand the business. But there are downsides to going public as well. The… Read more: What Is an IPO?

Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) is a graphical representation for specifying business processes in a business process model. Initially developed by the Business Process Management Initiative (BPMI), BPMN has been maintained by the Object Management Group (OMG) since the two organizations merged in 2005. Version 2.0 of BPMN was released in January 201, when the name was amended to Business Process Model and Notation to reflect the introduction… Read more: Business Process Model and Notation

Data visualization is represented through standard graphics, charts, plots, infographics, and animations. These visual displays of information communicate complex data relationships and data-driven insights in a way that is easy to understand. Data visualization can be utilized for various purposes, and it’s important to note that it is not only reserved for data teams. Management… Read more: What is data visualization?

What Is Indemnity? An indemnity is a comprehensive form of insurance compensation for damages or loss. When indemnity is used legally, it may also refer to an exemption from liability for damages. Indemnity is a contractual agreement between two parties. In this arrangement, one party agrees to pay for potential losses or damages caused by another party. A typical… Read more: Indemnity: What It Means in Insurance and the Law

While “cryptocurrency” is often used as an umbrella term to describe all digital assets, several specific types of cryptos exist. Most of them fall into two main categories: coins and tokens. Coins, or currencies, have one function: to transfer monetary value. Bitcoin (BTC) and Litecoin (LTC) are good examples of currencies. On the other hand,… Read more: What Is a Utility Token?

Tax-loss harvesting is a popular tactic used by many investors who hold traditional assets such as stocks or bonds, and it can also be applied to cryptocurrency investments. Crypto tax-loss harvesting follows the same principles as ordinary tax-loss harvesting, except crypto investors can use it to reduce their tax liabilities. Crypto tax-loss harvesting is particularly… Read more: Crypto Tax-Loss Harvesting Guide: Turn Losses Into a Tax Benefit

Terms of service (also known as terms of use and terms and conditions, commonly abbreviated as TOS or ToS, ToU, or T&C) are the legal agreements between a service provider and a person who wants to use that service. The person must agree to abide by the terms of service to use the offered service Terms of service can also be merely a disclaimer, especially regarding the use of websites.… Read more: Terms of service

If you’re the type of person who researches every big purchase, hoping to get the highest quality merchandise or service for the least amount of money possible—whether it’s a TV, a smartphone, or a car—you’re a value shopper. Value investors bring that same concept to building a stock portfolio. They seek out stocks they believe… Read more: What is Value Investing?

If you’ve never bought or sold stocks, trading for the first time might be daunting. But once you’ve done your homework and have developed the proper habits, it’s not nearly as intimidating. One of the critical skills to learn is how to evaluate a stock. Some ground rules can help educate and empower you to… Read more: How to Evaluate a Stock Before You Buy

You already know that some debt can help you meet your financial goals. Taking out a mortgage on your house, for example, or borrowing money to go to college and help build financial security. Companies use debt, also known as leverage, to help them accomplish business goals and finance operating costs. The ratio used to… Read more: Calculating the Debt-to-Equity Ratio

Buy. Sell. Hold. Buying and selling stocks can sound exciting, complicated, and confusing all at once. But it doesn’t have to be. The first step to understanding when to buy and sell stocks is knowing how a stock market or stock exchange works. The first thing to know: There isn’t just one stock market—there are many… Read more: How To Know When to Buy, Sell, Or Hold a Stock

You don’t need to know much about investing to be an investor. You can hire someone to do the work for you, and let a professional make a plan, choose the products, and sweat the small stuff for you. You can … … But you may find that you’re still sweating the big stuff. Sweating… Read more: 9 Investing Strategies To Know

Warren Buffett once said it is wise for investors to be “fearful when others are greedy, and greedy when others are fearful.” This statement is somewhat of a contrarian view of stock markets and relates directly to the price of an asset. When others are greedy, prices typically boil over, and one should be cautious lest they… Read more: Warren Buffett: Be Fearful When Others Are Greedy

Crypto Terms The world of cryptocurrencies and blockchain networks is awash in terminology and jargon that can sometimes sound strange or confusing. Given that the language of crypto is evolving daily, it can be helpful to brush up on standard terms and definitions. A Airdrop When a company “drops” cryptocurrency into an investor’s wallet, usually… Read more: Cryptocurrency Glossary: Terms and Crypto Guides

What Is a Receipt? A receipt is a written acknowledgment that something of value has been transferred from one party to another. In addition to the receipts consumers typically receive from vendors and service providers, receipts are also issued in business-to-business dealings and stock market transactions. For example, the holder of a futures contract is… Read more: Receipt: Definition, Types, and IRS Rules

FUD stands for “Fear, Uncertainty, and Doubt.” FUD stands for “fear, uncertainty, and doubt” and refers to a general mindset of pessimism about a particular asset or market, manipulating investor or consumer emotions so that they succumb to FUD. While the term “fear, uncertainty, and doubt” has been circulating for a century, it became famous… Read more: What Does FUD Mean?

DeFi, short for decentralized finance, is more than just a popular buzzword in cryptocurrency. It’s a concept that is disrupting the centralized financial services model, equalizing access and bringing more control to users across the globe. In this article, we will cover everything a consumer might want to know about DeFi, including: •   What is… Read more: What Is DeFi? Decentralized Finance, Explained

Much of the focus here is on discussing the most basic options concepts and building from there. The other main focus is on guiding your understanding of how options work. That knowledge allows you to use options effectively. It’s easy for someone who considers themself to be an options educator to tell people that they should buy call options when… Read more: Are Options for Risk Takers or the Risk Averse?

What Is Capital Structure? Capital structure is a company’s combination of debt and equity to finance its operations and growth. Equity capital arises from ownership shares in a company and claims to its future cash flows and profits. Debt comes in bond issues or loans, while equity may go in now common stock, preferred stock, or… Read more: Capital Structure Definition, Types, Importance, and Examples

The fear of missing out on a stock is all too real. FOMO, or “fear of missing out,” applies to the anxiety of potentially passing up a profitable investment, just as it applies to missing out on a great concert or a college reunion. For investors who visualize a scenario where a stock rises sharply… Read more: How to Avoid FOMO Trading

When dealing with investments, it’s essential to understand the different asset classes and which investments fall into each. An asset class is a collection of similar investments—including how they behave in the marketplace, the purchasing process, and how the government regulates them. Historically, there have been three primary asset classes, but today financial professionals generally… Read more: Use All Four Asset Classes to Build Your Portfolio

Commodities are an essential aspect of most American’s daily life. A commodity is a basic good used in commerce that is interchangeable with other goods of the same type. Traditional examples of commodities include grains, gold, beef, oil, and natural gas. For investors, commodities can be an essential way to diversify their portfolios beyond traditional securities.… Read more: Commodities Trading: A Review

Regarding trading and investing, the margin is the borrowed money some traders use to execute their strategy. Buying assets on margin can help magnify your gains and returns—but it can do the same with your losses. When you buy on margin, you purchase assets using the money you borrow from your broker. Read on to… Read more: Margin Trading: What It Is and How It Works

Ultra-secure Trezor and software wallet Exodus are top choices. We recommend the best products through an independent review process, and advertisers do not influence our picks. We may receive compensation if you visit partners we recommend. ZPenterprises does not give direct financial advice; we bring attention to relevant trends. Please do your research. Final Verdict With… Read more: Best Bitcoin Wallets – 2022

Intangible property, also known as incorporeal property, is something that a person or corporation can own and transfer to another person or corporation but has no physical substance, for example, brand identity or knowledge/intellectual property. It generally refers to statutory creations, such as copyright, trademarks, or patents. It excludes tangible property like real property (land, buildings, and fixtures) and personal property (ships, automobiles, tools, etc.). In some jurisdictions, intangible properties are referred to… Read more: Intangible Property – Intellectual Property

Financial Institution – A “financial institution” includes any person doing business in one or more of the following capacities: (1) Bank (except bank credit card systems)  (2) Broker or Dealer in Securities (3) Money Services Business (4) Telegraph Company (5) Casino (6) Card Club (7) A person subject to supervision by any state or federal bank supervisory authority… Read more: Financial Institution Definition

What Is Currency? Currency is a medium of exchange for goods and services. In short, it’s money, in the form of paper and coins, usually issued by a government and generally accepted at its face value as a payment method. Currency is the primary medium of exchange in the modern world, having long ago replaced bartering as… Read more: Currency: What It Is, How It Works, and How It Relates to Money

What Is an Initial Coin Offering (ICO)? An initial coin offering (ICO) is the cryptocurrency industry’s equivalent of an initial public offering (IPO). A company seeking to raise money to create a new coin, app, or service can launch an ICO to raise funds. Interested investors can buy into an initial coin offering to receive a new cryptocurrency token issued… Read more: Initial Coin Offering (ICO): Coin Launch Defined, with ExamplesInitial Coin Offering (ICO): Coin Launch Defined, with Examples

FinTech (financial technology) is a catch-all term. FinTech (financial technology) is a catch-all term referring to software, mobile applications, and other technologies created to improve and automate traditional forms of finance for businesses and consumers alike. FinTech can include everything from straightforward mobile payment apps to complex blockchain networks housing encrypted transactions. This guide will… Read more: What is Financial Technology (FinTech)? A Beginner’s Guide for 2022

What is a Crypto Hardware Wallet? Unlike software wallets, which are vulnerable to security holes and hackers, offline hardware wallets were developed so that you no longer have to trust software on your computer to hold your private keys. Hardware wallets store your private keys on a physical device with specialized firmware that prevents your… Read more: Do I Need a Hardware Wallet to Store Bitcoin?

What Is a Mobile Wallet? A mobile wallet is a digital wallet that stores payment card information on a mobile device. Mobile wallets are a convenient way for a user to make in-store payments and can be used by merchants listed with the mobile wallet service provider. Understanding a Mobile Wallet The business-consumer relationship is becoming increasingly… Read more: Mobile Wallet: Definition, How It Works, Vs. Digital Wallets

What Is a Paper Wallet? A paper wallet is a piece of paper with your private and public keys printed out. Some paper wallets might also have a scannable barcode created by an app. It is a way to store and take access to your cryptocurrency offline. When you print your keys, they are removed from the… Read more: What Is a Paper Wallet? Definition and Role in Cryptocurrency

What Is a Digital Wallet? A digital wallet (or electronic wallet) is a financial transaction application that runs on mobile devices. It securely stores your payment information and passwords. These applications allow you to pay when you’re shopping using your device, so you don’t need to carry your cards around. You enter and store your credit card,… Read more: Digital Wallet Explained: Types With Examples and How It Works

What Is the Consumer Price Index (CPI)? The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the monthly change in prices paid by U.S. consumers. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) calculates the CPI as a weighted average of prices for a basket of goods and services representative of aggregate U.S. consumer spending. The CPI is one of the most popular measures of inflation and… Read more: Consumer Price Index (CPI) Explained: What It Is and How It’s Used

Digital banking (online and mobile banking) makes managing finances easy. With digital banking technology, you can pay bills, deposit checks and transfer money from wherever you’re located. Due mainly to their convenience, online and mobile banking are the two most popular ways to bank. More than three-quarters of Americans (78%) prefer to bank digitally. But… Read more: Online Banking Security: How To Protect Your Online Banking Information

With the price so high for some stocks, how can the average person ever hope to invest? Enter fractional shares: Instead of purchasing a stock at its full price, it’s possible to purchase a fraction of one share of a stock. This raises the questions: How do fractional shares work, how can you buy partial… Read more: What Are Fractional Shares and How Do They Work?

In response to the FTX insolvency, the crypto markets have been in a risk-off mood, with asset prices falling precipitously for all crypto tokens, fungible and nonfungible. The aggregate market cap of all cryptocurrencies fell 23% to $786 billion from $1.02 trillion within four days. Nansen’s NFT-500 index indicates prices of nonfungible tokens (NFTs) on… Read more: FTX’s Implosion Is Crushing The Solana NFT Ecosystem

The commodity market is a market where traders buy and sell commodities. Commodities are raw materials or primary agricultural products. In other words, things that farmers, mining companies, and oil and gas companies produce or extract. The commodity market is similar to the equity market. However, in the equity market, people buy and sell shares. Goldrate.com has the… Read more: Commodity market – definition and meaning

What Is a Legal Monopoly? A legal monopoly refers to a company that is operating as a monopoly under a government mandate. A legal monopoly offers a specific product or service at a regulated price. It can either be independently run and government-regulated or both government-run and government-regulated. A legal monopoly is also known as a “statutory monopoly.”… Read more: Legal Monopoly

What Is an Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) Miner? An application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is an integrated circuit chip designed for a specific purpose. An ASIC miner is a computerized device that uses ASICs for the sole purpose of “mining” digital currency. Generally, each ASIC miner is constructed to mine a specific digital currency. So, a… Read more: What is an Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) Miner

What Is Litecoin (LTC) Mining? Litecoin (LTC) is a cryptocurrency created as a fork of Bitcoin in 2011. It uses a hashing algorithm called Scrypt that requires specifically designed mining software and hardware. It is minable and continues to rank in the top cryptocurrencies for value and trading volume. Litecoin mining is validating transactions in… Read more: How Do You Mine Litecoin (LTC)?

The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is an intergovernmental organization that designs and promotes policies and standards to combat financial crime. Recommendations created by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) target money laundering, terrorist financing, and other threats to the global financial system. The FATF was built in 1989 at the behest of the G7 and… Read more: Financial Action Task Force (FATF)

What Is Aggregate Supply? Aggregate supply, also known as total output, is the total supply of goods and services produced within an economy at a given overall price in a given period. It is represented by the aggregate supply curve, which describes the relationship between price levels and the number of output firms are willing to provide.… Read more: Aggregate Supply Explained: What It Is, How It Works

What Is the Gold Standard? The gold standard is a fixed monetary regime under which the government’s currency is set and may be freely converted into gold. It can also refer to a freely competitive economic system in which gold or bank receipts for gold act as the principal medium of exchange; or to a… Read more: Gold Standard: Definition, How It Works, and Example

What Was the Great Depression? The term “Great Depression” refers to modern history’s most significant and prolonged economic recession. The Great Depression ran between 1929 and 1941, the same year that the United States entered World War II 1941. This period was accentuated by several economic contractions, including the stock market crash of 1929 and banking panics… Read more: What Was the Great Depression?

What Is Keynesian Economics? Keynesian economics is a macroeconomic theory of total spending in the economy and its effects on output, employment, and inflation. British economist John Maynard Keynes developed it during the 1930s to understand the Great Depression. The central belief of Keynesian economics is that government intervention can stabilize the economy. Keynes’ theory was the first… Read more: Keynesian Economics Theory: Definition and How It’s Used

In 1913, the Federal Reserve Act established the Federal Reserve System (FRS), an independent governmental entity that would serve as a central bank to the U.S. government. In addition to the board of governors, the board of directors, and the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), the act formed a system of 8 to 12 Federal Reserve Banks spread out across… Read more: What Do the Federal Reserve Banks Do?

The U.S. Treasury, created in 1789, is the government department responsible for issuing all Treasury bonds, notes, and bills. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the U.S. Mint, the Bureau of the Fiscal Service, and the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau are among the government departments operating under the U.S. Treasury umbrella. Critical functions of the… Read more: What is the U.S. Treasury?

What Is the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC)? The term Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) refers to the branch of the Federal Reserve System (FRS) that determines the direction of monetary policy in the United States by directing open market operations (OMOs). The committee comprises 12 members, including seven members of the Board of Governors, the president of… Read more: What is the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC): What It Is and Does

What Is Reaganomics? Reaganomics is a popular term referring to the economic policies of Ronald Reagan, the 40th U.S. president (1981–1989). His policies called for widespread tax cuts, decreased social spending, increased military spending, and the deregulation of domestic markets. These economic policies were introduced in response to a prolonged period of economic stagflation that began under President Gerald… Read more: Reaganomics: What It Was, Major Goals, and Long-Term Impact

What Is the Federal Reserve Board (FRB)? The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, also known as the Federal Reserve Board (FRB), is the governing body of the Federal Reserve System. The FRB was established by the Banking Act of 1935. The members are statutorily tasked with giving a “fair representation of the country’s… Read more: Federal Reserve Board (FRB)

What Is Supply-Side Economics? Supply-side economics is a theory that maintains that increasing the supply of goods and services is the engine of economic growth. It advocates tax cuts to encourage job creation, business expansion, and entrepreneurial activity. Supply-side economics may be seen as the polar opposite of Keynesian economics, or demand-side economics, which asserts… Read more: Supply-Side Economics

What Is Laissez-Faire? Laissez-faire is an economic theory from the 18th century that opposed government intervention in business affairs. The driving principle behind laissez-faire, a French term that translates to “leave alone” (literally, “let you do”), is that the less the government is involved in the economy, the better business will be, and by extension,… Read more: What Is a Laissez-Faire Economy, and How Does It Work?

What Is Say’s Law of Markets? Say’s Law of Markets comes from chapter XV, “Of the Demand or Market for Products,” of French economist Jean-Baptiste Say’s 1803 book, Treatise on Political Economy, Or, The Production, Distribution, and Consumption of Wealth. It is a classical economic theory that says that the income generated by past production and sale of goods… Read more: Say’s Law of Markets Theory and Implications Explained

Jean-Baptiste Say (1767-1832) was a French classical liberal economist and scholar. Say was born in Lyon and had a distinguished career. He served on a government finance committee under Napoleon. He taught political economy at the Athénée, the Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers, and the College de France, where he was named chair of… Read more: Who Was Jean-Baptiste Say?

What Is a Central Bank? A central bank is a financial institution given privileged control over the production and distribution of money and credit for a nation or a group of countries. In modern economies, the central bank is usually responsible for formulating monetary policy and regulating member banks. Central banks are inherently non-market-based or… Read more: What Is a Central Bank, and Does the U.S. Have One?

Note: ZPEnterprises is not a licensed investor/financial advisor, but we are trying to share awareness of financial topics. Please do further research and work with a licensed financial advisor. The Federal Reserve raised its benchmark interest rate on Wednesday for the sixth time in a row to a range of 3.75% to 4%. While there may be… Read more: What do rising interest rates mean for you?

Keynesian economists believe that the primary factor driving economic activity and short-term fluctuations are the demand for goods and services. The theory is sometimes called demand-side economics. This perspective is at odds with classical economic theory, or supply-side economics, which states that the production of goods or services, or supply, is of primary importance in economic growth. Understanding… Read more: Demand-Side Economics

Seigniorage is the difference between the face value of money, such as a $10 bill or a quarter coin, and the cost to produce it. In other words, the cost of producing a currency within a given economy or country is lower than the actual exchange value, which generally accrues to governments that mint the… Read more: What is Seigniorage?

Exchange rate, The price of a country’s money is about the country’s capital. A financial exchange rate is “fixed” when countries use gold or another agreed-upon standard. and each currency is worth a specific measure of the metal or other benchmark. An exchange rate is “floating” when supply and demand or speculation sets exchange rates (conversion units). If a country imports large quantities… Read more: Exchange Rate Explained

What Is Devaluation? Devaluation is the deliberate downward adjustment of the value of a country’s money relative to another currency, group of currencies, or currency standard. Countries that have a fixed exchange rate or semi-fixed exchange rate use this monetary policy tool. It is often confused with depreciation and is the opposite of revaluation, which refers to the readjustment… Read more: Devaluation: Definition, How It Works, and Examples

DEFINITION GDP stands for “Gross Domestic Product” and represents the total monetary value of all final goods and services produced (and sold on the market) within a country during a period (typically one year). PURPOSE GDP is the most commonly used measure of economic activity. HISTORY The first fundamental concept of GDP was invented at… Read more: What is GDP?

What Is the Money Supply? The money supply is all the currency and other liquid instruments in a country’s economy on the date measured. The money supply includes cash and deposits that can be used almost as quickly as cash. Governments issue paper currency and coins by combining their central banks and treasuries. Bank regulators… Read more: Money Supply Definition: Types and How It Affects the Economy

What Is Dollarization? Dollarization is when the U.S. dollar is used in addition to or instead of the domestic currency of another country. It is an example of currency substitution. Dollarization usually happens when a country’s currency loses its usefulness as a medium of exchange due to hyperinflation or instability. KEY TAKEAWAYS Dollarization is when a… Read more: What is Dollarization?

Role of the Treasury The U.S. Department of the Treasury’s mission is to maintain a strong economy and create economic and job opportunities by promoting the conditions that enable economic growth and stability at home and abroad, strengthen national security by combating threats and protecting the integrity of the financial system, and manage the U.S. Government’s finances… Read more: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

Struggling to dampen inflation, the Federal Reserve announced a widely expected fourth consecutive “jumbo” 0.75 percentage point rate hike on Wednesday.  While raising interest rates can slow inflation by making borrowing more expensive and, therefore, less appealing. However, the move further increases debt costs for Americans already struggling with rising prices on everything, including necessities like food and rent. … Read more: The Fed announces 4th consecutive ‘jumbo’ interest rate hike of 75 basis points—here are 4 things that will be more expensive

The last time inflation levels were this high in the US and Europe, flared trousers were in, roller discos were all the rage, and no one had heard of Steve Jobs. It’s safe to say that, for many people, high inflation is something new. Take the US. Today, inflation is an important news item as… Read more: What is hyperinflation, and should we be worried?

What Is Litecoin (LTC)? Litecoin (LTC) is a cryptocurrency created from a fork in the Bitcoin blockchain in 2011. It was initially designed to address the developer’s concerns that Bitcoin was becoming too centrally controlled and to make it more difficult for largescale mining firms to gain the upper hand in mining. While eventually unsuccessful in preventing… Read more: Litecoin (LTC): What It Is, How It Works, Vs. Bitcoin

What Is a Meme Coin? A meme coin is a cryptocurrency term for popular currencies, sometimes depicted with comical or animated “memes” supported by enthusiastic online traders and followers. But while meme coins may be fun, they are also hazardous investments and may hold little or no intrinsic value. DOGECoin, Shiba Inu, and other currencies that… Read more: Meme Coin Explained

Elon Musk has finally completed his takeover of Twitter. Musk sealed the $44 billion deal late Thursday, vowing the social media platform would not become a ‘free-for-all hellscape.’ Musk shifted his opinion on whether to buy the company after a series of losses in court in matters related to scheduling and discovery, according to people… Read more: Elon Musk has completed his takeover of Twitter and has already fired top executives

DOGE was created as a lighthearted alternative to traditional cryptocurrencies, but it’s become precious. For most of its existence, Dogecoin was generally considered an amusing “meme coin” beloved by its community — but with relatively little value. That changed in 2021: as of April, Dogecoin became one of the ten biggest cryptocurrencies by market cap — with a… Read more: What is Dogecoin? (DOGE)

DOGECoin, the cryptocurrency branded after a viral dog meme from 2013, is up 35% since Monday as Elon Musk’s deal to buy Twitter approaches a close. The token price often moves in lockstep with comments made by the Tesla CEO. DOGE is up in the last 24 hours after the SpaceX chief changed his Twitter bio to “Chief of… Read more: DOGECoin surges 35% as Elon Musk’s Twitter deal approaches close.

Mining ETCHASH with 3 and 4 MB and beyond GPU mining. WhatToMine.com today, as of this post 22OCT2022, said ETCHASH (ETC) is the most profitable for my setup today, so I decided to write an article for a “blow-by-blow” setup. Mind you, you should always check WhatToMine.com for their best bets for what to mine… Read more: How to mine ETCHASH ETC Ethereum Classic with Hive OS