DEFINITION – cipher
In cryptology, the discipline concerned with the study of cryptographic algorithms, a cipher is an algorithm for encrypting and decrypting data. Symmetric key encryption, also called secret key encryption, depends…
Definition – Ciphertext
Ciphertext is encrypted text transformed from plaintext using an encryption algorithm. Ciphertext can’t be read until it has been converted into plaintext (decrypted) with a key. The decryption cipher is…
Aggregate Demand: Formula, Components, and Limitations
What Is Aggregate Demand? Aggregate demand measures the total demand for all finished goods and services produced in an economy. Aggregate demand is the total amount of money exchanged for…
POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3)
What is POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3)? Post Office Protocol 3, or POP3, is the most commonly used protocol for receiving email over the Internet. This standard protocol, which most…
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a standard that defines how to establish and maintain a network conversation by which applications can exchange data. TCP works with the Internet Protocol (IP),…
What Are Target Date Funds?
Target date funds are a type of mutual fund designed to simplify retirement savings. Investing in a single target date fund is like buying into a fully diversified retirement portfolio…
Investing Basics: Small-Cap Stocks
Small-cap stocks are shares of companies with a total market capitalization in the range of about $300 million to $2 billion. Small-cap companies have the potential for high growth rates,…
Bitcoin Price Tumbles as Chinese Notices Roil Market
Crypto prices fall as China’s government agencies reiterated a tough stance towards Bitcoin. Prices for Bitcoin (BTCUSD) and other major cryptocurrencies plunged Friday morning after Chinese authorities reiterated their tough…
Retirement Basics: What Is A 401(k) Plan?
A 401(k) is an employer-sponsored retirement plan. If you get a 401(k) account as part of your benefits package, you may choose to contribute a portion of your salary to…
Understanding Defined Benefit Pension Plans
A defined benefit plan, more commonly known as a pension plan, offers guaranteed retirement benefits for employees. Defined benefit plans are primarily funded by employers, with retirement payouts based on…