Layer 3 of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) – Network Layer
Layer 3 of the OSI model is known as the Network Layer. Here’s a breakdown of its main functions: Some common protocols that operate at the Network Layer include: In…
Brute Force Attack: An In-Depth Exploration
What is a Brute Force Attack? A brute force attack is a hacking method that relies on trial and error to crack passwords, login credentials, or encryption keys. The attacker…
What is an Information Secuirty Policy?
An Information Security Policy is a set of rules, guidelines, and procedures created by an organization to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of its data and IT infrastructure. It…
What is PCI DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard)?
The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) is a widely accepted set of policies and procedures intended to optimize the security of credit, debit, and cash card transactions…
What Cities Can Learn From Atlanta’s Cyberattack
Atlanta’s chief information officer explains why it’s better to spend millions recovering city computer systems from a cyberattack than to pay the ransom. In March 2018, hackers targeted Atlanta’s computer…
How Verizon and a BGP Optimizer Knocked Large Parts of the Internet Offline Today
Massive route leak impacts major parts of the Internet, including Cloudflare What happened? Today at 10:30UTC, the Internet had a small heart attack. A small company in Northern Pennsylvania became…
Remove Key Password with OpenSSL
How do you remove a password from a .key file using OpenSSL. You will be prompted for your original password, so enter that first then the new key will be…
Big Game Hunting with Ryuk: Another Lucrative Targeted Ransomware
WIZARD SPIDER is a sophisticated eCrime group that has been operating the Ryuk ransomware since August 2018, targeting large organizations for a high-ransom return. This methodology, known as “big game…
What are browser hijackers?
A browser hijacker is a “form of unwanted software that modifies a web browser’s settings without the user’s permission.” The idea is to make users visit certain websites whether they…
Grand Jury Indicts 12 Russian Intelligence Officers for Hacking Offenses Related to the 2016 Election
The Department of Justice today announced that a grand jury in the District of Columbia returned an indictment presented by the Special Counsel’s Office. The indictment charges twelve Russian nationals…